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A new word for you....

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Posted by: jojomataketa

NOTE: I will be posting some new words here often. This is just for fun. If you know of interesting words, please feel free to post them here;
Cheers....jojomataketa
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sempiternal

• \sem-pih-TER-
nul\ • adjective
: of never-ending duration : eternal
Example sentence:
The owner of the lost exotic bird made it clear that whoever found his pet would receive a handsome cash reward as well as his sempiternal gratitude.

Did you know?
Despite their similarities, "sempiternal" and "eternal" come from different roots. "Sempiternal" is derived from the Late Latin "sempiternalis" and ultimately from "semper," Latin for "always." (You may recognize "semper" as a key element in the motto of the U.S. Marine Corps: "semper fidelis," meaning "always faithful.") "Eternal," on the other hand, is derived by way of Middle French and Middle English from the Late Latin "aeternalis" and ultimately from "aevum," Latin for "age" or "eternity." "Sempiternal" is much less common than "eternal," but some writers have found it useful. Ralph Waldo Emerson, for example, wrote, "The one thing which we seek with insatiable desire is to forget ourselves. . .to lose our sempiternal memory, and to do something without knowing how or why. . . ."



Posted by: forwardone

It`ll be interesting to see just how many English words in usage today which have a root going back to either Greek or Latin.



Posted by: Los

I heard one today on the radio "Gridiot" AKA Grinning Idiot



Posted by: jojomataketa

tourbillion

• \toor-BILL-yun\ noun
1 : whirlwind
2 : a vortex especially of a whirlwind or whirlpool

Example sentence:
"In the history of any art there are unexpected eddies and tourbillions." (C. B. Cox, The Twentieth-Century Mind)


Did you know?
"Tourbillion" comes from the same root as "turbine"—namely, the Latin word "turbo," meaning "top" (as in a spinning object) or "whirlwind." "Tourbillion" has been used over time to refer to other spinning objects besides an actual whirlwind. Among watchmaking enthusiasts, "tourbillion" is the name of a kind of watch with a mechanism designed to compensate for the effects of gravity on its movement. Among pyrotechnics fans, a tourbillion is a kind of firework having a spiral flight. The variety of meanings for "tourbillion" is enough to make one's head spin!




Posted by: jojomataketa

palindrome

\PAL-in-drohm\, noun:


A word, phrase, sentence, or verse that reads the same backward or forward.
A few examples:Palindrome comes from Greek palindromos, literally "running back (again)," from palin, "back, again" + dromos, "running."






Posted by: jojomataketa

Edited: ( Please see separate thread)



Posted by: jojomataketa

deprecate

\DEP-rih-kayt\, transitive verb:
1. [Archaic] To pray against, as an evil; to seek to avert by prayer.
2. To disapprove of strongly.


3. To belittle; to depreciate.
Although Stalin at times deprecated his cult, he also tolerated and perhaps covertly encouraged it.

-- Sheila Fitzpatrick, Everyday Stalinism


Copland humorously deprecated his looks, finding in his gaunt physique, narrow face, prominent nose, and buckteeth a comic resemblance to a giraffe.
-- Howard Pollack, Aaron Copland: The Life and Work of an Uncommon Man


We experience such augmentations as pleasure, which may be why aesthetic values have always been deprecated by social moralists, from Plato through our current campus Puritans.
-- Harold Bloom, How to Read and Why

Deprecate comes from the past participle of Latin deprecari, "to avert by prayer, to deprecate," from de-, "from" + precari, "to pray."

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bivouac

\BIV-wak, BIV-uh-wak\, noun:
1. An encampment for the night, usually under little or no shelter.

intransitive verb:
1. To encamp for the night, usually under little or no shelter.


Rob had made his emergency bivouac just below the South Summit.

-- David Breashears, "Death on the mountain", The Observer, March 30, 2003


They were stopped by savage winds and forced to bivouac 153 m below the day's goal.
-- Erik Weihenmayer, "Men of the Mountain", Time Pacific, February 4, 2002



Bivouac comes from French bivouac, from German Beiwache, "a watching or guarding," from bei, "by, near" + wachen, "to watch."

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rife

• \RYFE\ adjective
1 : prevalent especially to an increasing degree
2 : abundant, common
*3 : copiously supplied : abounding -- usually used with "with"

Example sentence:
The article was rife with grammatical and factual errors.


Did you know?
English is rife with words that have Germanic connections, many of which have been handed down to us from Old English. "Rife" is one of those words—it's related to Middle Low German "rive," meaning "abundant." Not a whole lot has changed with "rife" in its 900-year history. We continue to use the word, as we have since the 12th century, for negative things, especially those that are widespread or prevalent. Typical examples are "shoplifting was rife" or "the city was rife with greed and corruption." "Rumors" and "speculation" are also frequently described as "rife," as well. But "rife" can also be appropriately used, as it has been for hundreds of years, for good or neutral things. For example, you might speak of "the summer garden, rife with scents."

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Posted by: jojomataketa

umbrage

\UHM-brij\, noun:
1. Shade; shadow; hence, something that affords a shade, as a screen of trees or foliage.
2. a. A vague or indistinct indication or suggestion; a hint.
3. b. Reason for doubt; suspicion.


4. Suspicion of injury or wrong; offense; resentment.
Burr finally took umbrage, and challenged him to a duel.

-- Richard A. Samuelson, "Alexander Hamilton: American", Commentary, June 1999


In almost all the walks of his life, he appears to have been both astoundingly rude and genuinely astonished that anyone should take umbrage.
-- Robert Winder, "A dying game", New Statesman, June 19, 2000


He had a devastating smile, which could wipe away the slightest umbrage.
-- Alec Guinness, A Positively Final Appearance


The river tumbling green and white, far below me; the dark high banks, the plentiful umbrage, many bronze cedars, in shadow; and tempering and arching all the immense materiality, a clear sky overhead, with a few white clouds, limpid, spiritual, silent.
-- Walt Whitman, Specimen Days & Collect



Umbrage is derived from Latin umbra, "shade."


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paronomasia

• \pair-uh-noh-MAY-zhee-uh\ noun
: a play on words : pun

Example sentence:
Humorists claim that Harry Truman offered the delightful paronomasia "Missouri loves company" when he invited a friend to join him in Independence, Missouri, for a home-cooked meal.


Did you know?
Puns (essentially, humorous uses of words to suggest more than one interpretation) have their share of critics as well as fans. English philosopher-poet Samuel Taylor Coleridge, for example, called puns "the lowest form of wit." "Paronomasia," which derives from a Greek verb meaning "to call with a slight change of name," can simply be a synonym of "pun." But it can also be used, somewhat playfully, to suggest an uncontrollable urge to make puns (as if it were a dread disease, rather than harmless word play). For example, in the July 6, 1980 New York Times, William Safire announced, "an epidemic of paronomasia has raced around the world." And on January 1, 1989, Jerry Kobrin of The Orange County Register resolved to seek treatment "for a near-terminal case of paronomasia."

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Posted by: jojomataketa

incipient


\in-SIP-ee-uhnt\, adjective:


Beginning to exist or appear.
Also, improved diagnostic techniques can alert individuals to incipient illnesses.

-- James Flanigan, "Patients' Rights and Health-Care Costs Are Expanding Together", Los Angeles Times, May 2, 1999


Shiv gradually became aware that he was onto something big, bigger than anything he had ever done before. He was nudged by an incipient awareness that perhaps it was even too big for him.
-- Ken Kalfus, Pu-239 and Other Russian Fantasies


She sighed for him; so young, and yet so passé, and with an incipient beer belly.
-- Shena MacKay, The Artist's Widow


Sir George devoted much of his energies to worrying about money and was preoccupied by thoughts of his incipient pauperdom.
-- Philip Ziegler, Osbert Sitwell



Incipient is derived from Latin incipere, "to undertake, to begin" (literally "to take in"), from in-, "in" + capere, "to take." It is related to inception, "beginning, commencement."

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dapple


\DAP-uhl\, noun:
1. A small contrasting spot or blotch.
2. A mottled appearance, especially of the coat of an animal (as a horse).

transitive verb:
1. To mark with patches of a color or shade; to spot.


intransitive verb:
1. To become dappled.


adjective:
1. Marked with contrasting patches or spots; dappled.


Look at . . . his cows with their comic camouflage dapples . . . .

-- Arthur C. Danto, "Sometimes Red", ArtForum, January 2002


70 diamond- and hexagonal-shaped holes, 35 between the North End ramp and the northbound lanes, and 35 between the northbound and southbound lanes, allow light to filter through and dapple the river below.
-- Raphael Lewis, "A walk into the future", Boston Globe, May 9, 2002


Gentle shafts of sunlight . . . dapple the grass.
-- Gail Sheehy, Hillary's Choice



Dapple derives from Old Norse depill, "a spot."

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pugnacious


\puhg-NAY-shuhs\, adjective:


Inclined to fight; combative; quarrelsome.
Roberto's pugnacious grandmother lived across the meadow and would yell threats and curses helplessly from her balcony.

-- Tag Gallagher, The Adventures of Roberto Rossellini


The idea that he was truculent or pugnacious, that he went about with a chip on his shoulder, that he loved fighting for the sake of fighting, was, however, a mistake.
-- William Roscoe Thayer, Theodore Roosevelt: An Intimate Biography



Pugnacious comes from Latin pugnare, "to fight," from pugnus, "fist."

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Posted by: jojomataketa

razzmatazz

• \raz-muh-TAZ\ noun
1 : a confusing or colorful often gaudy action or display : razzle-dazzle
2 : inflated, involved, and often deliberately ambiguous language : double-talk
3 : vim, zing

Example sentence:
It was a rally like any other, perhaps, but amidst all the flag-waving and razzmatazz, we detected a stronger than usual strain of genuine patriotic feeling.


Did you know?
Before early forms of "razzmatazz" entered English, "razzle-dazzle" appeared on the scene, and long before "razzle-dazzle" there was simply "dazzle" (from "daze"). English speakers are fond of forming new words through reduplication of a base word, usually with just a slight change of sound. Think of "okey-dokey," "fuddy-duddy," "super-duper," "roly-poly," "fiddle-faddle," and "dilly-dally." A hundred or so years ago, the spirit that prompted "razzle-dazzle" seems to have also inspired "razzmatazz" shortly afterward. The coiners of "razzmatazz" may have had "jazz" in mind. Some of the earliest turn-of-the century uses of "razzmatazz" refer to rag-time or early jazz styles. By the 40s, we'd come round to the "razzle-dazzle" sense, though we still haven't completely settled on the spelling. You might, for example, see "razzamatazz."


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grubstake

• \GRUB-stayk\ verb
: to provide with material assistance (as a loan) for launching an enterprise or for a person in difficult circumstances


Example sentence:
"Hoping to turn the situation around in California, the state now grubstakes entrepreneurs to try their hand at salvaging urban woods."


Did you know?
"Grubstake" is a linguistic nugget that was dug up during the famous California Gold Rush, which began in 1848. Sometime between the first stampede and the early 1860s, when the gold-seekers headed off to Montana, prospectors combined "grub" ("food") and "stake," meaning "an interest or share in an undertaking." At first "grubstake" was a noun, referring to any kind of loan or provisions that could be finagled to make an undertaking possible (with the agreement that the "grubstaker" would get a cut of any profits). By 1879, "grubstake" was also showing up as a verb meaning "to give someone a grubstake," and, since at least 1937, it has been applied to other situations in which a generous benefactor comes through with the funds.
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requisite

• \REK-wuh-zit\ adjective
: essential, necessary

Example sentence:
The menu had all the requisite summer cookout offerings: hamburgers, hot dogs, potato salad, and watermelon.


Did you know?
Acquiring an understanding of where this word comes from won't require a formal inquiry. Without question, the quest begins with Latin "quaerere," which means "to ask" and is an ancestor of a number of English words, including "acquire," "require," "inquiry," "question," "quest," and, of course, "requisite." From "quaerere" came "requirere," meaning "to ask again." Repeated requests can express a need, and the past participle of "requirere," which is "requisitus," came to mean "needed" or "necessary." The English language acquired "requisite" when it was adopted into Middle English back in the 1400s.


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Posted by: jojomataketa

fealty

• \FEE-ul-tee\ noun
1 a : the fidelity of a vassal or feudal tenant to his lord b : the obligation of such fidelity
2 : intense fidelity

Example sentence:
Out of fealty to his boss, who had hired him after no other employer would, Jesse stayed on with the struggling company.


Did you know?
In 1626, Francis Bacon wrote, "Fealty is to take an oath upon a book, that he will be a faithful Tenant to the King." That's a pretty accurate summary of the early meaning of "fealty." Early forms of the term were used in Middle English around 1300, when they specifically designated the loyalty of a vassal to a lord. Eventually, the meaning of the word broadened. Fealty can be paid to a country, a principle, or a leader of any kind—though the synonyms "fidelity" and "loyalty" are more commonly used. "Fealty" comes from the Anglo-French word "feelté," or "fealté," which comes from the Latin "fidelitas," meaning "fidelity." These words are ultimately derived from "fides," the Latin word for "faith."




Posted by: jojomataketa

capitulate

\kuh-PICH-uh-layt\, intransitive verb:

1.To surrender under agreed conditions.
2.to give up resistance:

"He finally capitulated and agreed to do the job my way."


"Just before peace talks on Kosovo are due to resume, the United States and its allies are sending contradictory signals to Belgrade, making it less likely that President Slobodan Milosevic of Yugoslavia will capitulate on American terms."
-- Steven Erlanger, "West's Bosnia Move May Hurt Kosovo Bid",


" I am ashamed to think how easily we capitulate to badges and names."
-- Ralph Waldo Emerson, Self-Reliance

We say "capitulate" because the terms (of surrender) were drawn up in capitula, which is Latin for "chapters." Chapter itself is related to capitulate.
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susurrus

\su-SUHR-uhs\, noun:

A whispering or rustling sound; a murmur.

"Still, the breeze is soothing, as is the susurrus of the branches".
-- Michael Finkel.

"And there came, like the dry susurrus of wind before thunder peals and lightning, a great rustle of excitement."
-- Richard Whittington-Egan.

"He heard the susurrus of curtains luffed by the breeze."
-- Erik Larson.


Susurrus comes from the Latin susurrus, "a murmuring, a whispering, a humming."
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Posted by: jojomataketa

widdershins

• \WID-er-shinz\ adverb
: in a left-handed, wrong, or contrary direction : counterclockwise

Example sentence:
In the book, the members of the coven hold hands and dance widdershins around the fire.


Did you know?
By the mid-1500s, English speakers had adopted "widdershins" (which is from the Middle High German "wider," meaning "back against," and "sinnen," meaning "to travel") for anything following a path that is opposite to the apparent direction of the sun as it travels across the sky in the Northern Hemisphere (or opposite the direction of the movement of the shadow on a sundial or the hands on a clock). In its earliest known uses, "widdershins" was used to describe cases of bad hair in which unruly locks stood on end or fell the wrong way. But because many people in times past considered the widdershins direction to be "backwards," it has long been associated with magic, witchcraft, and, sometimes, the devil.


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preen

• \PREEN\ verb
1 of a bird : to groom with the bill
2 : to dress or smooth up : primp
3 : to pride or congratulate (oneself) for achievement
4 : gloat

Example sentence:
Jim had just beat the chess club's best player, so nobody could blame him for preening himself on his victory.


Did you know?
The incubation of "preen" began in the 14th century with the spelling "prenen," which can itself be traced to the Anglo-French forms "pur-," meaning "thoroughly," and "uindre" or "oindre," meaning "to anoint or rub." One of the first writers to apply "preen" to the human act of primping was Geoffrey Chaucer in The Canterbury Tales. It took a long time—around 500 years—for the prideful meaning of "preen" to hatch, but another bird-related word, "plume," was available for use with the meaning "to pride or congratulate (oneself)" from the first half of the 17th century.


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conurbation

• \kah-ner-BAY-shun\ noun
: an aggregation or continuous network of urban communities

Example sentence:
While some cities are built around a central hub, others, such as Los Angeles, are often described as sprawling conurbations with no fixed center.


Did you know?
When Sir Patrick Geddes, a Scottish biologist turned sociologist, sat down in 1915 to write Cities in Evolution, a work on urban planning, he needed a word. How should he refer to thickly populated regions consisting of a sprawling range of cities clustered together? "Some name, then, for these city-regions, these town aggregates, is wanted. . . . What of 'conurbations'?" he asked rhetorically early on in his work. For his coinage, Geddes combined "urbs" (the Latin word for "city," already familiar in "urban" and "suburb") with the Latin prefix "con-" ("together") and the English noun suffix "-ation." It turned out that his word suited English speakers just fine—we've been using it ever since.
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Posted by: jojomataketa

thaumaturgy

\THAW-muh-tuhr-jee\, noun:
The performance of miracles or magic.


"Of course, none of these improbable meetings ever took place in reality. But within the realm of showbiz thaumaturgy, they're perfectly acceptable examples of latter-day digital compositing."

"There was ever a cautious hesitancy on the part of the clergy to recognize evidence of thaumaturgy, and the superstitious use of relics."

Thaumaturgy comes from the Greek words for "wonder" (thauma) and "work" (ergon). A practitioner of thaumaturgy is a thaumaturgist or thaumaturge.
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capacious

\kuh-PAY-shuhs\, adjective:
Able to contain much; roomy; spacious.


"Litter was picked up non stop during the week (mostly by that nice governor with the capacious pockets)."

"Out of those capacious receptacles he brought forth a small bottle of Scotch whiskey, a lemon, and some lump sugar."

"Is it worth pointing out that the boot seems remarkably capacious for a little car?"

Capacious is derived from Latin capax, capac-, "able to hold or contain."
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glower

\GLAU-uhr\,

intransitive verb:To look or stare angrily or with a scowl.
noun: An angry or scowling look or stare.

"At one point, the head of the institute started chatting with colleagues sitting at a table behind Yeltsin, prompting the Russian President to interrupt his reading and glower at them"

"A baby wearing a disposable nappy has been placed on a tree trunk in dark woodland: he seems to glower at us disapprovingly, like a troll, or a mini-Churchill."

"A boyish-looking man who frowned and glowered, trying to look more authoritative than his twenty-nine years, Andrei said his job was to focus on the convolutions in Russian property law."

"Floyd approached me with a glower, cheeks reddened, indignant".

Glower is from Middle English gloren, perhaps ultimately of Scandinavian origin.
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canorous

\kuh-NOR-us; KAN-or-uhs\,
adjective: Richly melodious; pleasant sounding; musical.

"I felt a deep contentment listening to the meadowlark's complex melody as he sat on his bragging post calling for a mate, and the soft canorous whistle of the bobwhite as he whistled his name with intermittent lulls."

"But birds that are canorous and whose notes we most commend, are of little throats, and short necks, as Nightingales, Finches, Linnets, Canary birds and Larks."

Canorous comes from the Latin canor, "melody," from canere, "to sing." It is related to chant, from French chanter, "to sing," ultimately from Latin canere.
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repast

\rih-PAST\,
noun: Something taken as food; a meal.

"This repast could scarcely have been digested before a "tea" of fresh bread, butter, cheese, cold meat, and cake was served at half past six."

"On June 1, 1563, in Basel, Thomas sat down to a meal, probably the evening repast."

"When staying with friends in America in 1949, the philosopher demanded bread and cheese at all meals. Every time the dull repast was laid before him, he would exclaim, as if for the first time, "Hot diggetty!", a phrase he had picked up from the movies."

Repast comes from Old French repaistre, "to feed," from Latin re- + pascere, "to feed." It is related to pasture, "the grass grown for the feeding of grazing animals, or the land used for grazing."
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Posted by: jojomataketa

zillionaire

• \zil-yuh-NAIR\ • noun
: an immeasurably wealthy person

Example sentence:
The mansion on the hill is owned by a zillionaire investment banker.


Did you know?
The word "millionaire" has been used in English to designate a person who is worth a million pounds or dollars, depending on the side of the ocean, since 1826. We borrowed the word straight from the French, whose millions, of course, were in francs. When "millionaire" no longer sufficed, English speakers coined "billionaire" in 1860. The turn of the century apparently brought a turn of fortune, for soon afterwards "multimillionaire" and "multibillionaire" were created. By the 1940s we needed "zillionaire," so it's a good thing we had coined "zillion"—for an indeterminately large number—the previous decade. "Zillion" and "zillionaire" aren't used in the most formal of writing, but they have found their way into plenty of serious publications.


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oppugn

• \uh-PYOON\ • verb
1 : to fight against
*2 : to call in question

Example sentence:
As a young research assistant,
Erin had the audacity to oppugn the conclusions of her department head.

Did you know?
"Oppugn" was first recorded in English in the 15th century. It came to Middle English from the Latin verb "oppugnare," which in turn derived from the combination of "ob-," meaning "against," and "pugnare," meaning "to fight." "Pugnare" itself is descended from the same ancient word that gave Latin the word "pugnus," meaning "fist." It's no surprise, then, that "oppugn" was adopted into English to refer to fighting against something or someone, either physically (as in "the dictatorship will oppugn all who oppose it") or verbally (as in "oppugn an argument"). Other descendants of "pugnare" in English include the equally aggressive "pugnacious," "pungent," "repugnant," and the rare "inexpugnable" ("incapable of being subdued or overthrown").




Posted by: jojomataketa

hirsute

• \HER-soot\ • adjective
1 : hairy
2 : covered with coarse stiff hairs

Example sentence:
Todd is hirsute, and gets a five-o'clock shadow, whereas his best friend Ryan can get away without shaving every day.


Did you know?
"Hirsute" has nearly the same spelling and exactly the same meaning as its Latin parent, "hirsutus." The word isn't quite one of a kind, though; it has four close relatives: "hirsutism" and "hirsuties," synonymous nouns naming a medical condition involving excessive hair growth; "hirsutal," an adjective meaning "of or relating to hair"; and "hirsutulous," a mostly botanical term meaning "slightly hairy" (as in "hirsutulous stems"). The latter three are not especially common, but are entered in Webster's Third New International Dictionary, Unabridged.


dearth
• \DERTH\ • noun
1 : scarcity that makes dear; specifically : famine
2 : an inadequate supply : lack

Example sentence:
Teri had forgotten to bring a book, and the dearth of reading material in her uncle's house had her visiting the town library the first morning of her stay.


Did you know?
The facts about the history of the word "dearth" are quite simple: the word derives from the Middle English form "derthe," which has the same meaning as our modern term. That Middle English form is assumed to have developed from an Old English form that was probably spelled "dierth" and was related to "dēore," the Old English form that gave us the word "dear." ("Dear" also once meant "scarce," but that sense of the word is now obsolete.) Some form of "dearth" has been used to describe things that are in short supply since at least the 13th century, when it often referred to a shortage of food.







Posted by: jojomataketa

spoonerism

\SPOO-nuh-riz-uhm\, noun:
The transposition of usually initial sounds in a pair of words.

Some examples:


Spoonerism comes from the name of the Rev. William Archibald Spooner (1844-1930), a kindly but nervous Anglican clergyman and educationalist. All the above examples were committed by (or attributed to) him.



Posted by: jojomataketa

Quote:
Originally Posted by jojomataketa
spoonerism

\SPOO-nuh-riz-uhm\, noun:
The transposition of usually initial sounds in a pair of words.

Some examples:




Love to hear your own original spoonerisms....Come have a go. Could be great fun!





Posted by: jojomataketa

dauntless

• \DAWNT-lus\ • adjective
: fearless, undaunted

Example sentence:
Following a defeat by the French, dauntless George Washington wrote, "I luckily escap'd with't a wound tho' I had four Bullets through my Coat and two Horses shot under me."


Did you know?
The history of the world is peopled with dauntless men and women who refused to be subdued or "tamed" by fear. The word "dauntless" can be traced back to Latin "domare," meaning "to tame" or "to subdue." When our verb "daunt" (a "domare" descendant borrowed by way of Anglo-French) was first used in the 14th century, it shared these meanings. The now-obsolete "tame" sense referred to the taming or breaking of wild animals (particularly horses). An "undaunted" horse was an unbroken horse. Not until the late 16th century did we use "undaunted" with the meaning "undiscouraged and courageously resolute" to describe people. By then, such lionhearted souls could also be described as "undauntable," and finally, in Henry VI, Part 3, Shakespeare gave us "dauntless."



schadenfreude

• \SHAH-dun-froy-duh\ • noun, often capitalized
: enjoyment obtained from the troubles of others

Example sentence:
"There is simply no higher level of schadenfreude than when the rich or famous stumble."


Did you know?
"Schadenfreude" is a compound of the German nouns "Schaden," meaning "damage" or "harm," and "Freude," meaning "joy," so it makes sense that "schadenfreude" means joy over some harm or misfortune suffered by another. "What a fearful thing is it that any language should have a word expressive of the pleasure which men feel at the calamities of others," wrote Richard Trench of Dublin, an archbishop with literary predilections, of the German "Schadenfreude" in 1852; perhaps it was just as well he didn't live to see the word embraced by English speakers before the century was out.




Posted by: jojomataketa

tenebrous
\TEN-uh-bruhs\, adjective:
Dark; gloomy.


He found the Earl, who is eight feet tall and has the family trait of a Cyclops eye, standing stock still, dressed from head to foot in deepest black, in one of the most tenebrous groves in all his haunted domains.

We are so used to the tenebrous atmosphere that can be created in indoor theatres that it's a shock to realise that this murkiest of tragedies first saw the literal light of day at the Globe theatre.

And lurking behind our every move is the knowledge of our own mortality. It gives life its edgy disquiet, its tenebrous underside.

Tenebrous derives from Latin tenebrosus, from tenebrae, "darkness."
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nescience
\NESH-uhn(t)s; NESH-ee-uhn(t)s\, noun:
Lack of knowledge or awareness; ignorance.


The ancients understood that too much knowledge could actually impede human functioning -- this at a time when the encroachments on global nescience were comparatively few.

He fought on our behalf in the war that finally matters: against nescience, against inadvertence, against the supposition that anything is anything else.
-- Hugh Kenner, "On the Centenary of James Joyce",


The notion has taken hold that every barometric fluctuation must demonstrate climate change. This anecdotal case for global warming is mostly nonsense, driven by nescience of a basic point, from statistics and probability, that the weather is always weird somewhere.

Nescience is from Latin nescire, "not to know," from ne-, "not" + scire, "to know." It is related to science. Nescient is the adjective form.
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gewgaw
\G(Y)OO-gaw\, noun:
A showy trifle; a trinket; a bauble.


Bidders paid hundreds of thousands of dollars for worthless gewgaws--fake pearls, ashtrays, golf clubs--merely, one supposes, because they were touched by the hand of this celebrity of celebrities.

At least, you're tempted until you discover that the price of this gewgaw is $175.

Walk into almost any department store, and there it is -- along with mounds of other gimmicky gadgets and garish gewgaws that (no offense, Vanna) the world can live without.


The origin of gewgaw is uncertain.
----------------------------------------------------------------------



Posted by: jojomataketa

constellate

• \KAHN-stuh-layt\ • verb
transitive verb
1 : to unite in a cluster
2 : to set or adorn with or as if with constellations
*intransitive verb : cluster


Example sentence:
"Like orbiting planets, the members of the family seemed destined to constellate around a table, held by the gravity of our affection for each other."


Did you know?
It's plain that "constellate" is related to "constellation," and, indeed, things that "constellate" (or "are constellated") cluster together like stars in a constellation. Both words derive ultimately from the Latin word for "star," which is "stella." "Constellation" (which came to us by way of Middle French from Late Latin "constellation-, constellatio") entered the language first—it dates to at least the 14th century. "Constellate" didn't appear until a full 300 years later.

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Rube Goldberg

• \ROOB-GOALD-berg\ • adjective
: accomplishing by complex means what seemingly could be done simply; also : characterized by such complex means


Example sentence:
"We had to devise equipment constantly and have it jerry-built with Rube Goldberg contraptions."


Did you know?
Reuben Lucius Goldberg was a Pulitzer Prize-winning cartoonist who satirized the technology of modern times. He was best known for his cartoons of complicated, ramshackle contraptions that performed simple tasks in ludicrously complex ways. His cartoon character Professor Lucifer Gorgonzola Butts, for example, invented an automatic stamp licker. The contraption involved a robot that would dump a can of ants onto upturned stamps and a starving anteater that would then lick up the ants, moistening the stamps. Long before Goldberg died in 1970, his name had become associated with unnecessarily complicated contraptions and procedures.

----------------------------------------------------------------------



Posted by: jojomataketa

effulgence
\i-FUL-juhn(t)s\, noun:

The state of being bright and radiant; splendor; brilliance.
"The purity of his private character gave effulgence to his public virtues"
"The setting sun as usual shed a melancholy effulgence on the ruddy towers of the Alhambra."
"Nice gave him a different light from Paris -- a high, constant effulgence with little gray in it, flooding broadly across sea, city and hills, producing luminous shadows and clear tonal structures."


--From Latin ex, "out of, from" + fulgere, "to shine." The adjective form of the word is effulgent.
----------------------------------------------------------------------
assuage
\uh-SWAYJ\, verb:
1. To make milder or less severe; to reduce the intensity of; to ease; to relieve.
2. To appease; to satisfy.
3. To soothe or calm; to pacify.


"His generosity toward a group of young graffiti writers was, perhaps, one way to assuage his guilt."
"Even with the requirement of lay review boards, the code will fail to assuage concerns of the church's most vocal critics that the unseemly methods of the past won't repeat themselves."

"If only she would come outside
and let us meet her--face to face;
perhaps our words could turn
her anger's tide, perhaps
we could, if not erase,
at least assuage her rage."
"In one final attempt to assuage fears, the agency claims that these audits will comprise only 1.1 percent of the total audit-related contacts planned for the year."


Assuage comes from Latin ad + suavis, "sweet".



Posted by: jojomataketa

weal

\WEEL\ • noun
: a sound, healthy, or prosperous state : well-being


Example sentence:
"During his two years as county judge, other qualities . . . became apparent. One was an unusual ability to persuade men to sacrifice for a common weal."


Did you know?
"Weal" is most often used in contexts referring to the general good. One reads, for example, of the "public weal" or the "common weal." The latter of these led to the formation of the noun "commonweal," a word that once referred to an organized political entity, such as a nation or state, but today usually means "the general welfare." The word "commonwealth" shares these meanings, but its situation is reversed; the "political entity" sense of "commonwealth" is still current, whereas the "general welfare" sense has become archaic. At one time, "weal" and "wealth" were also synonyms; both meant "riches" ("all his worldy weal") and "well-being." Both stem from "wela," the Old English word for "well-being," and are closely related to the Old English word for "well."

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euchre

\YOO-ker\ • verb
1 : to prevent from winning three tricks in euchre
2 : cheat, trick

Example sentence:
The report said that people in the community were being euchred out of their life savings by scammers presenting phony investment opportunities. (A familiar experience for HYIP players!)


Did you know?
Euchre is a card game for four players that is played in tricks, or rounds, with a deck of 32 cards. Etymologists are not sure where we got the name for the game, though they do know that it first appeared in English in the mid-19th century. The first sense of the verb "euchre" arose from an action that takes place during the game: a player is "euchred" when an opponent blocks him or her from winning three or more tricks after making trump. Deception can often be key to a winning strategy, and sure enough it took almost no time at all for "euchre" to develop a sense meaning "cheat" or "trick."







Posted by: jojomataketa

exiguity
\ek-suh-GYOO-uht-ee\, noun:
Scantiness; smallness; thinness;the quality of being meager.
--EXIGUOUS,
adjective
An exiguity of cloth that would only allow of miniature capes
-- George Eliot


The soldiers' pay is in the highest degree exiguous; not above three half-pence a day.
-- Carlyle


Exiguity derives from the Latin exiguitas, itself from exiguus, meaning "strictly weighed," which came to signify "too strictly weighed"; hence, "meager." Related to exact ("precisely weighed or determined").
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seriatim
\sir-ee-AY-tim; -AT-im\, adverb:
In a series; one after another.

Mr. and Mrs. Kenwigs thanked every lady and gentleman, seriatim, for the favour of their company.
-- Charles Dickens, Nicholas Nickelby


Two days from the opening of the impeachment debate, gangs of television crews moved through mostly deserted corridors, doling out their 15 minutes of fame seriatim as individual lawmakers stepped up to batteries of microphones.
-- New York Times, December 16, 1998


In his company one found oneself supposing, on hearing Walters handle German and Spanish, French and Italian, Dutch, Portuguese, and Russian, that his mind traveled from any one language to any other seriatim, because his mind worked that way, taking it all in.
-- William F. Buckley Jr., "Dick Walters R.I.P.", National Review, February 15, 2002


Seriatim derives from the Latin series, meaning "row, chain," and is formed on the same model as verbatim ("word for word") and literatim ("letter for letter").
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
tmesis
\TMEE-sis\, noun:
In grammar and rhetoric, the separation of the parts of a compound word, now generally done for humorous effect; for example, "what place soever" instead of "whatsoever place," or "abso-bloody-lutely."

If on the first, how heinous e'er it be,
To win thy after-love I pardon thee.
-- Shakespeare, Richard II


His income-tax return, he remarked, was the "most rigged-up marole" he'd ever seen.
-- Frederic Packard


In two words, im possible.
-- Samuel Goldwyn


Tmesis is from Greek tmesis, "a cutting," from temnein, "to cut."
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Posted by: jojomataketa

ilk
• \ILK\ • noun
: sort, kind

Example sentence:
Mr. Reynolds ran a tight, efficient business with hard-working employees, and so he had no patience for slackers like Charlie and his ilk.


Did you know?
The Old English pronoun "ilca," the predecessor of "ilk," was synonymous with "same." "Ilk" persisted in that use in Scots, where it was used in the phrase "of that ilk," meaning "of the same place, territorial designation, or name." It was used chiefly in reference to the names of land-owning families and their eponymous estates, as in "the Guthries of that ilk," which meant "the Guthries of Guthrie." But a misunderstanding arose concerning the Scots phrase—it was apparently interpreted as meaning "of that kind or sort," a usage that soon found its way into modern English. "Ilk" has been established in English with its current meaning and part of speech since the late 18th century.


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conquian

• \KONG-kee-un\ • noun
: a card game for two played with 40 cards from which all games of rummy developed

Example sentence:
The friends whiled away a long summer day with endless games of conquian.


Did you know?
"Conquian" is an old card game, played more frequently in the past than it is now. It is based upon the "draw and discard" principle that forms the basis for all modern games of rummy and is played with 40 cards, setting aside certain cards of a 52-card deck. (The most common variations involve the removal of either all face cards, or the tens, nines, and eights.) The goal of the game is to form three or four of a kind, or sequences. "Conquian" comes to us from Mexican Spanish, but the word is ultimately derived from the Spanish "¿con quien?" meaning "with whom?"


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succumb
• \suh-KUM\ • verb
1 : to yield to superior strength or force or overpowering appeal or desire
*2 : to be brought to an end (as death) by the effect of destructive or disruptive forces

Example sentence:
Aunt Alice succumbed to a bout of pneumonia at age 89.


Did you know?
If the idea of someone "succumbing" brings to mind the image of a person lying down before more powerful forces, you have an excellent grasp of the Latin that gave us "succumb." "Succumb" derives from the French word "succomber," which is itself from the Latin word "succumbere," meaning "to fall down" or "to yield." "Succumbere" was formed by combining "sub-," meaning "under," with "-cumbere," meaning "to lie down." The earliest application of "succumb" in the late 15th century was as a transitive verb meaning "to bring down" or "to overwhelm," but this sense is now obsolete. The current sense of "to yield" first appeared in print in 1604; the more specific use—yielding to a disease or other destructive force—followed two centuries later.








Posted by: jojomataketa

jeunesse dorée

• \zheuh-ness-dor-RAY\ • noun
: young people of wealth and fashion

Example sentence:
"On any sunny afternoon in
Dublin, you will see the jeunesse dorée taking their ease under the awnings of pavement cafes."

Did you know?
French revolutionary leader Maximilien Robespierre and his allies, the Jacobins, gained many enemies for their role in the Reign of Terror. One of their fiercest opponents was Louis Freron, a former Jacobin who played a key role in overthrowing their government. On
July 27, 1794, counter-revolutionaries toppled the Jacobin regime and had Robespierre arrested and executed. In the midst of the chaos that followed, Louis Freron organized gangs of fashionably dressed young toughs to terrorize the remaining Jacobins. French speakers called those stylish young thugs the "jeunesse dorée"—literally, the "gilded youth." By the time the term "jeunesse dorée" was adopted into English in the 1830s, it had lost its association with violent street gangs and simply referred to any wealthy young socialites.



Posted by: forwardone

ponzu
n. (in Japanese cookery) a sauce or dip made with soy sauce and citrus juice.
– origin Japanese, from pon 'smack, pop' + zu, from su 'vinegar'.



Posted by: forwardone

radge Scottish informal
n. a wild, crazy, or violent person.
adj. wild, crazy, or violent.
– origin 1920s: appar. an alt. of rage.



Posted by: jojomataketa

dog days
• \DOG-DAYZ\ • noun
1 : the hot sultry period of summer between early July and early September in the northern hemisphere
2 : a period of stagnation or inactivity

Example sentence:
With the steamy dog days upon us, air conditioners are selling like hotcakes.


Did you know?
Dogs aren't the only creatures uncomfortable in oppressive heat, so why does a dog get singled out in "dog days"? The dog here is actually the Dog Star, which is also called "Sirius." The star has long been associated with sultry weather in the northern hemisphere because it rises simultaneously with the sun during the hottest days of summer. In the ancient Greek constellation system, this star (called "Seirios" in Greek) was considered the hound of the hunter Orion and was given the epithet "Kyon," meaning "dog." The Greek writer Plutarch referred to the hot days of summer as "hēmerai kynades" (literally, "dog days") and a Latin translation of this expression as "dies caniculares" is the source of our English phrase.

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delate
• \dih-LAYT\ • verb
1 : accuse, denounce
2 : report, relate

Example sentence:
"In that year Archbishop Blackadder of
Glasgow delated some thirty heretics to James IV who let the matter go with a jest." (J.D. Mackie, A History of Scotland)

Did you know?
To "delate" someone is to "hand down" that person to a court of law. In Latin, "delatus" is the unlikely-looking past participle of "deferre," meaning "to bring down, report, or accuse," which in turn comes from "ferre," meaning "to carry." Not surprisingly, our word "defer," meaning "to yield to the opinion or wishes of another," can also be traced back to "deferre." At one time, in fact, "defer" and "delate" had parallel meanings (both could mean "to carry down or away" or "to offer for acceptance"), but those senses are now obsolete. Today, you are most likely to encounter "delate" or its relatives "delation" and "delator" in the context of medieval tribunals, although the words can also relate to modern ecclesiastical tribunals.




Posted by: forwardone

It s amazing how many English words are based either on Greek or Latin.



Posted by: jojomataketa

chthonic
\THONE-ik\, adjective:
Dwelling in or under the earth; also, pertaining to the underworld

"Driven by dæmonic, chthonic Powers."
-- T.S. Eliot


"The chthonic divinity was essentially a god of the regions under the earth; at first of the dark home of the seed, later on of the still darker home of the dead."
-- C. F. Keary


"The chthonic imagery of Norine's apartment, which..was black as a coalhole and heated by the furnace of the hostess' unslaked desires."
-- M. McCarthy


"Two great and contrasted forms of ritual: the Olympian and the Chthonic, the one a ritual of cheerful character, the other a ritual of gloom, and fostering superstition."
--------------------------------
Chthonic comes from khthón, the Greek word for earth.
-------------------------------------------------------------------
objurgate
\OB-juhr-gayt\, transitive verb:
To express strong disapproval of; to criticize severely.

I objurgate the centipede,
A bug we do not really need.
-- Ogden Nash, "The Centipede"


The act about to be objurgated here calls on the Food and Drug Administration to oversee a broad revision of food labeling.
-- Daniel Seligman.

--------------------------------------------
Objurgate comes from the past participle of Latin from objurgare, "to scold, to blame," from ob-, "against" + jurgare, "to dispute, to quarrel, to sue at law," from jus, jur-, "law" + -igare (from agere, "to lead").
------------------------------------------------------------------------



Posted by: jojomataketa

incunabulum
\in-kyuh-NAB-yuh-lum\ • noun
1 : a book printed before 1501
2 : a work of art or of industry of an early period

Example sentence:
Among the library's archives is a collection of exquisite incunabula.


Did you know?
The invention of the mechanized printing press in the 15th century revolutionized the way books were produced, dramatically increasing the number and variety of works to be published and distributed to awaiting readers. "Incunabulum" first appeared in English in the 19th century, referring retroactively to those books produced in the first decades of printing press technology, specifically those printed before the year 1501, a date that appears to have been determined only arbitrarily. Coming from Latin, "incunabulum" is singular of "incunabula," which translates literally to "swaddling clothes" or "bands holding the baby in a cradle." The "baby" in this case is likely a figurative one, referring to a book that was produced when the art of printing was still in its infancy.


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affluent
\AF-loo-unt\ • adjective
1 : flowing in abundance
2 : having a generously sufficient and typically increasing supply of material possessions

Example sentence:
While the affluent families head for their mountain getaways on sultry summer weekends, the less well-heeled seek respite in the river that flows through town.

Did you know?
Are your coffers overflowing? Is your cash flow more than adequate? Are your assets fluid? If so, you can consider yourself "affluent." Today's word is all about "flow"—that is to say, it's based on the Latin word for "flow," which is "fluere." (Some other "fluere" descendants are "confluence," "fluctuate," "fluid," "influence," "mellifluous," and "superfluous.") The older sense of "affluent" refers, both literally and figuratively, to an abundant flow, as in "an affluent fountain" or "affluent joy." The use of "affluent fortune" for an abundant flow of money is what likely led to the use of "affluent" as a synonym of "well-to-do."




Posted by: jojomataketa

plethora

\PLETH-uh-ruh\, noun:
1. An abnormal bodily condition characterized by an excessive amount of blood in the system.
2. Excess; superabundance.


*A plethora of servants helped make this possible; it was customary for a married officer to have as many as six servants, each with particular duties concerning lamps, fires, bathwater, cooking or sanitation.

*India's huge press corps, representing a plethora of papers and magazines, was something else new since my student days.

*Pressed to keep up with the plethora of new poetry, small magazines, professional journals, and anthologies, they are frequently also less well read in the literature of the past.

Plethora comes from the Greek plethora, "a fullness," from plethein, "to be full."



Posted by: jojomataketa

savvy
• \SAV-ee\ verb : understand
Example sentence:
Although I savvied little Spanish, I could hear the urgency in the woman's voice and immediately sought a translator.


Did you know?
You may be familiar with the noun "savvy," meaning "practical know-how" (as in "he has political savvy"), and the adjective use (as in "a savvy investor"). And if you've seen the blockbuster movie Pirates of the Caribbean, you also know that the verb is often used as an informal, one-word question meaning "Do you understand?" (as in "I'm Captain Jack Sparrow. Savvy?"). But Jack Sparrow (i.e., Johnny Depp) didn't invent the term. Both the noun and the verb came into use around 1785. "Savvy" is based on the Portuguese term "sabe," meaning "he knows," which itself is from Latin "sapere," meaning "to be wise." Creole speakers interpreted the Portuguese term as "sabi" and began using it as one would "know." Eventually, the Creole's "sabi" evolved into today's word.



orotund
• \OR-uh-tund\ adjective
1 : marked by fullness, strength, and clarity of sound : sonorous
2 : pompous, bombastic

Example sentence:
Josh cleared his throat dramatically, then did a dead-on impression of the professor's orotund, patronizing speech.


Did you know?
The Latin roots of "orotund" are related to two more common English words—"oral" and "rotund." Latin "or-" means "mouth," and "rotundus" means "round" or "circular." The Roman poet Horace joined forms of those Latin terms to create the phrase "ore rotundo," literally meaning "with round mouth," and figuratively meaning "with well-turned speech." "
Ore rotundo" was modified to "orotund" and adopted into English in the late 18th century. It can indicate either strength of delivery or inflated wording.



Posted by: jojomataketa

hinterland
\HIN-ter-land\ noun
1 : a region lying inland from a coast
2 a : a region remote from urban areas *b : a region lying beyond major metropolitan or cultural centers

Example sentence:
Ty and Saja spent a few days in the capital before setting off for the hinterland.


Did you know?
When you're dealing with geography, it helps to know your hinterland from your umland. In 1888, geographer George Chisholm borrowed the German word "Hinterland" (literally, "land in back of") and applied it specifically to the region just inland from a port or coastal settlement. (Chisholm spelled the word "hinderland," but English speakers eventually settled on "hinterland.") Early in the 20th century, another geographer adopted the German "Umland" ("land around") to refer to the territory around an inland town. What "hinterland" and "umland" have in common is a reference to a region economically tied to a nearby city. But nowadays "hinterland" has a less technical use as well; it's used for land that's simply out in the sticks.



dexterous
• \DEK-strus\ adjective
1 : mentally adroit and skillful : clever
2 : done with dexterity : artful
3 : skillful and competent with the hands

Example sentence:
As a shortstop, Alex is a dexterous fielder, adept at catching any ground ball or line drive hit at him.


Did you know?
"Dexterous" comes from the Latin word "dexter," meaning "on the right side." Since most people are right-handed, and therefore do things more easily with their right hand, "dexter" developed the sense of "skillful." English speakers crafted "dexterous" from "dexter" and have been using the resulting adjective for anyone who is skillful—in either a physical or mental capacity—since at least the early 1600s. The adjective "ambidextrous," which combines "dexter" with the Latin prefix "ambi-," meaning "both," describes one who is able to use both hands in an equally skillful way.





Posted by: jojomataketa

lissom
\LISS-uhm\, adjective;
also lissome:
1. Limber; supple; flexible.
2. Light and quick in action; nimble; agile; active.


Raphaelle Boitel moves with the lissom, contortionist plastique of a snake-woman.

Her foot touches the plate and sets off the trap, but so swift and lissome is she that her ankles evade the clash of the serrated iron jaws as they spring together.

Lissom is an alteration of lithesome, which derives from Old English lithe, "flexible, mild, gentle."
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badinage
\bad-n-AHZH\, noun:
Light, playful talk; banter.


Ken was determined to put the cares of the world behind him and do what he loved best -- having a few celebrity friends round and enjoying an evening of anecdote and badinage over a bottle or two of vintage bubbly and some tasty cheese straws.

The badinage was inconsequential, reduced to who knew whom and wasn't the weather glorious in St. Tropez, or the Bahamas, Hawaii, or Hong Kong?

Badinage comes from French, from badiner, "to trifle, to joke," badin, "playful, jocular."
-----------------------------------------------------------------------



Posted by: jojomataketa

confrere
\KAHN-frair\ noun
: colleague, comrade

Example sentence:
Although Sam is a gifted poet in his own right, he's most often recognized as the confrere of a much more famous author.


Did you know?
"Confrere" arrived in English from Anglo-French in the 15th century, and ultimately derives from the Medieval Latin "confrater," meaning "brother" or "fellow." ("Frater," the root of this term, shares an ancient ancestor with our word "brother.") English speakers also began using another descendant of "confrater" in the 15th century: "confraternity," meaning "a society devoted to a religious or charitable cause." In the past, "confrere" was often used specifically of a fellow member of a confraternity, but these days it is used more generally.



mimesis
• \muh-MEE-sis\ noun
: imitation, mimicry

Example sentence:
Late in her career, the painter became less interested in mimesis and began to experiment in styles of abstraction.


Did you know?
"Mimesis" is a term with an undeniably classical pedigree. Originally a Greek word, it has been used in aesthetic or artistic theory to refer to the attempt to imitate or reproduce reality since Plato and Aristotle. "Mimesis" is derived from the Greek verb "mimeisthai," which means "to imitate" and which itself comes from "mimos," meaning "mime." The English word "mime" also descends from "mimos," as do "mimic" and "mimicry." And what about "mimeograph," the name of the duplicating machine that preceded the photocopier? We can't be absolutely certain what the folks at the A. B. Dick Company had in mind when they came up with "Mimeograph" (a trademark name that has since expired), but influence from "mimos" and its descendants certainly seems probable.




Posted by: jojomataketa

propitious
\pruh-PISH-uhs\, adjective:
1. Presenting favorable circumstances or conditions.
2. Favorably inclined; gracious; benevolent.


By the early 1500s rice was being planted on the Cape Verde island most propitious for agriculture, Santiago.

It is hard to imagine a less propitious start to a marriage: in a single blow Vincent forfeited the trust of his wife, the respect of her family, and the means of his own support.

If the fates are propitious we may succeed.

Propitious derives from Latin propitius, "favorable."
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inclement
\in-KLEM-uhnt\, adjective:
1. Rough, harsh; extreme, severe -- generally restricted to the elements or weather.
2. Severe, unrelenting; cruel.


To make his misery complete he was forced to travel back in the winter, in the most inclement weather.

Molly also noticed that the window frames had grooves of soft lead, less than an inch wide and shaped like blunt hooks, into which the glass could be slotted at night or during inclement weather.

Rosina concluded that a resident or guest had gone out back, possibly to use the privy, but this was a bit odd and certainly not routine, given the inclement weather and the availability of chamber pots in every room.

Inclement is from Latin in-, "not" + clemens, "gentle, merciful."
--------------------------------------------------------------------------



Posted by: jojomataketa

picaresque
• \pik-uh-RESK\ adjective
: of or relating to rogues or rascals; also : of, relating to, suggesting, or being a type of fiction dealing with the episodic adventures of a usually roguish protagonist

Example sentence:
Kirk's first novel was a picaresque tale of a young orphan boy coping with life in the big city.


Did you know?
"Picaresque" derives from Spanish "picaresco," which means "of or relating to a picaro." What is a picaro? This word, which also derives from Spanish, means "rogue" or "bohemian." "Picaro" describes a type of character that has long been a popular subject for fictional narrative. Typically, the picaresque novel centers around a wandering individual of low standing who happens into a series of adventures among people of various higher classes, often relying on his wits and a little dishonesty to get by. The first known novel in this style is Lazarillo de Tormes (ca. 1554), an irreverent work about a poor boy who works for a series of masters of dubious character. The novel has been attributed to Diego Hurtado de Mendoza, but his authorship is disputable.

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cracker-barrel
• \KRAK-er-bair-ul\ adjective
: suggestive of the friendly homespun character of a country store

Example sentence:
"One thing I like about the South," she said, "is that total strangers will often start up cracker-barrel conversations in places like elevators and waiting rooms."


Did you know?
In the days before pre-packaged food and huge supermarkets, a trip to the nearest store was more than just an errand; it was also a chance to socialize and keep up with goings-on. The country store of yesteryear was the focal point of many rural communities, and the heart of the country store was the cracker barrel. Literally a barrel containing crackers, the cracker barrel—which afforded a seat for at least one person—was the spot where folks would gather to chat about weather and politics, or to swap stories, jokes, and gossip. Today, cracker barrels are largely a thing of the past, but the flavor of those friendly exchanges lives on in the adjective "cracker-barrel."







Posted by: jojomataketa

kobold
\KOH-bold\, noun:
In German folklore, a haunting spirit, gnome, or goblin.

Witch, kobold, sprite. . . and imp of every kind.

This world and the other, too, are always present to his mind, and there in the corner is the little black kobold of a doubt making mouths at him.

The Kobolds were a species of gnomes, who haunted the dark and solitary places, and were often seen in the mines.

Cobalt, the metal, "the goblin of the mines," was named by those who had to work it after the kobold, since it caused them so much trouble, the ore being arsenical.
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knell
\NEL\, verb:
The stoke of a bell tolled at a funeral or at the death of a person; a death signal; a passing bell; hence, figuratively, a warning of, or a sound indicating, the passing away of anything.

intransitive verb:
To sound as a knell; especially, to toll at a death or funeral; hence, to sound as a warning or evil omen.


The curfew tolls the knell of parting day, The lowing herd wind slowly o'er the lea, The ploughman homeward plods his weary way, And leaves the world to darkness and to me.

The Bell invites me. Hear it not, Duncan, for it is a Knell, That summons thee to Heaven, or to Hell.

All the morning the funeral knell has been tolling.

Not worth a blessing nor a bell to knell for thee.
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cogent
\KOH-juhnt\, adjective:
Having the power to compel conviction; appealing to the mind or to reason; convincing.


One woman, Adrian Pomerantz, was so intelligent that the professors always lit up when Adrian spoke; her eloquent, cogent analyses forced them not to be lazy, not to repeat themselves.

I suggested to the student that she take her refusal as the theme of her term paper and ponder it as carefully as possible. A few weeks later she submitted one of the most cogent, intelligent papers I have read.

Cogent derives from Latin cogere, "to drive together, to force," from co-, "with, together" + agere, "to drive."
----------------------------------------------------------------------



Posted by: jojomataketa

upbraid
• \up-BRAYD\ verb
1 : to criticize severely : find fault with
2 : to reproach severely : scold vehemently

Example sentence:
After being late to class for the third time in a week,
Marshall was upbraided by his teacher and given detention.

Did you know?
"Upbraid," "scold," and "berate" all mean to reproach angrily, but with slight differences in emphasis. "Scold" usually implies rebuking in irritation or ill temper, either justly or unjustly. "Upbraid" tends to suggest censuring on definite and usually justifiable grounds, while "berate" implies scolding that is prolonged and even abusive. If you're looking for a more colorful term for telling someone off, try "tongue-lash," "bawl out," "chew out," or "wig"—all of which are fairly close synonyms of "berate." Among these synonyms, "upbraid" is the senior member in English, dating from the 12th century. "Upbraid" derives via Middle English from the Old English "ūpbregdan," believed to be formed from a prefix meaning "up" and the verb "bregdan," meaning "to snatch" or " to move suddenly."



poltroon
• \pahl-TROON\ noun
: a spiritless coward : craven

Example sentence:
In the end, their leader proved to be a traitorous poltroon whose main concern was saving his own skin.


Did you know?
When you get down to synonyms, a "poltroon" is just a "chicken." Barnyard chickens are fowl that have long been noted for timidity, and the name "chicken" has been applied to human cowards since the 17th century. "Poltroon" has been used for wimps and cravens for even longer, since the early 16th century at least. And if you remember that chickens are dubbed "poultry," you may guess that the birds and the cowards are linked by etymology as well as synonymy. English picked up "poltroon" from Middle French, which in turn got it from Old Italian "poltrone," meaning "coward." The Italian term has been traced to the Latin "pullus," a root that is also an ancestor of "pullet" (a young hen) and "poultry."




Posted by: jojomataketa

regale
\rih-GAY(uh)L\, transitive verb:
1. To entertain with something that delights.
2. To entertain sumptuously with fine food and drink.

intransitive verb:
1. To feast.


noun:
1. A sumptuous feast.
2. A choice food; a delicacy.
3. Refreshment.


*If I've been away, and the boys do remember to ask about my trip, I remark on their thoughtfulness by saying, 'Thanks for asking!' and then regale them with stories about my journey.

*He might also regale them with tales of how his Magic team beat Jordan's Bulls, 108-102, in Game 6 to win their four-of-seven-game Eastern Conference semifinal series before a stunned crowd of 24,332 tonight at the United Center.

*young aspens on a bench and some stumps purposely put there for visitors to the bee-house who might be afraid of the bees, and he went off himself to the hut to get bread, cucumbers, and fresh honey, to regale them with.

Regale comes from French régaler, "to entertain." It is related to gallant.

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mordant
\MOR-d'nt\, adjective:
Biting; caustic; sarcastic.


*Mr. Justice Moorcroft's forte, a part which he had played for so many years that it had become instinctive, was a courteous reasonableness occasionally enlivened with shafts of mordant wit.

*I moved from one knot of people to another, surrounded by a kind of envious respect because of Sophie's interest in me, although subjected to a certain mordant raillery from some of this witty company.

*He had a mordant wit as well . . . , a bit wicked and waspish even.

Mordant comes from the present participle of Old French mordre, "to bite," from Latin mordere. It is related to morsel, "a little bite"; and remorse, from Latin remordere, "to bite back or again; to torment."
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agog
\uh-GOG\, adjective:
Full of excitement or interest; in eager desire; eager, keen.


*Kobe Bryant left the Minnesota Timberwolves agog after a series of eye-popping moves in a game last week.

*He was now so interested, quite so privately agog, about it, that he had already an eye to the fun it would be to open up to her afterwards.

*By the second day he had found his sea-legs, and with hair flying and double-waistcoats flapping, he patrolled the deck agog with excitement, questioning and noting.

Agog derives from Middle French en gogues, "in mirth; lively."
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Posted by: jojomataketa

réchauffé
• \ray-shoh-FAY\ noun
1 : rehash
2 : a warmed-over dish of food

Example sentence:
"It is a réchauffé, . . . lifted and stitched from 'The Gastronomical Me' and other books." (Victoria Glendinning, The New York Times Book Review, June 9, 1991)


Did you know?
We borrowed "réchauffé" in the early 19th century from the French; it is the past participle of their verb "réchauffer," which means "to reheat." Nineteenth-century French speakers were using it figuratively to designate something that was already old hat—you might say, "warmed over." English speakers adopted that same meaning, which is still our most common. But within decades someone had apparently decided that leftovers would seem more appealing with a French name. The notion caught on. A recipe for "Réchauffé of Beef a la Jardiniere," for example, instructs the cook to reheat "yesterday's piece of meat" in a little water with some tomatoes added, and serve it on a platter with peas and carrots and potatoes. "Réchauffé" shares its root with another English word, "chafing dish," the name of a receptacle for keeping food warm at the table.



visceral
• \VISS-uh-rul\ adjective
1 a : felt in or as if in the viscera : deep b : of, relating to, or located on or among the viscera
2 : not intellectual : instinctive, unreasoning
3 : dealing with crude or elemental emotions : earthy

Example sentence:
The story about the abandoned dogs elicited such a visceral reaction in Amy that within minutes she was on the phone offering to adopt one.


Did you know?
The "viscera" are the internal organs of the body—especially those located in the large cavity of the trunk (e.g., the heart, liver, and intestines). The word "viscera" comes from Latin, in which it has essentially the same meaning. Something "visceral" has to do with the viscera. In a more figurative sense, something "visceral" is felt "deep down." Even in the early years of its use, "visceral" often referred to things emotional rather than physiological. For example, in 1640, an English bishop named Edward Reynolds wrote, "Love is of all other the inmost and most visceral affection." This figurative use is the most common use of "visceral," but the word continues to be used in medical contexts as well.







Posted by: jojomataketa

captious
\KAP-shuhs\, adjective:
1. Marked by a disposition to find fault or raise objections.
2. Calculated to entrap or confuse, as in an argument.

*The most common among those are captious individuals who can find nothing wrong with their own actions but everything wrong with the actions of everybody else.


*Mr Bowman had, I think, been keeping Christmas Eve, and was a little inclined to be captious: at least, he was not on foot very early, and to judge from what I could hear, neither men nor maids could do anything to please him.


*Most authors would prefer readers such as Roiphe over captious academic critics.


*With the imperturbablest bland clearness, he, for five hours long, keeps answering the incessant volley of fiery captious questions.


**Captious is derived from Latin captiosus, "sophistical, captious, insidious," from captio, "a taking, a fallacy, sophism," from capere, "to take, to seize."
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arbitrage
\AR-buh-trahzh\, noun:

*The nearly simultaneous purchase of a good or asset in one market where the price is low, and sale of the same good or asset in another market where the price is higher.

*If the market exchange rate deviates from par, there is opportunity for arbitrage by exchanging the cheaper currency for gold, shipping the gold to the other country, converting the gold into the other currency, and converting the proceeds into the cheaper currency on the market.


*There are undoubtedly many arbitrage opportunities, where price transparency has failed to bring about price harmonisation.


**Arbitrage comes from the French, from Latin arbitrari, "to pass judgment," from arbiter, "witness, arbitrator, judge." One who practices arbitrage is an arbitrageur.
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redoubt
\rih-DOWT\, noun:
1. A small and usually temporary defensive fortification.
2. A defended position or protective barrier.
3. A secure place of refuge or defense; a stronghold.

*Evicting the intruders from their mountain redoubts with ground forces alone was beginning to look like a protracted and expensive task.


*First, Milosevic himself will be absent, apparently fearful of leaving his redoubt in Belgrade.


**Redoubt derives from French redoute, from Italian ridotto, from Latin reductus, "a refuge, a retreat," from reducere, "to lead or draw back," from re-, "back" + ducere, "to lead."
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Posted by: jojomataketa

endemic
• \en-DEM-ik\ adjective
1 a : belonging or native to a particular people or country b : characteristic of or prevalent in a particular field, area, or environment
2 : restricted or peculiar to a locality or region

Example sentence:
Today, cybercafes are endemic to the downtown areas of big cities.


Did you know?
If you translate it literally, "endemic" means "in the population." It derives from the Greek "endēmos," which joins "en," meaning "in," and "dēmos," meaning "population." "Endemic" is often used to characterize diseases that are generally found in a particular area; malaria, for example, is said to be endemic to tropical and subtropical regions. This use differs from that of the related word "epidemic" in that it indicates a more or less constant presence in a particular population or area rather than a sudden, severe outbreak within that region or group. The word is also used by biologists to characterize the plant and animal species that are only found in a given area.

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notorious
• \noh-TOR-ee-us\ adjective
: generally known and talked of; especially : widely and unfavorably known

Example sentence:
That particular model of car is notorious for quickly developing a number of irritating mechanical problems.

Did you know?
"Notorious" was adopted into English in the 16th century from Medieval Latin "notorius," itself from Late Latin's noun "notorium," meaning "information" or "indictment." "Notorium," in turn, derives from the Latin verb "noscere," meaning "to come to know." Although "notorious" can be a synonym of "famous," meaning simply "widely known," it long ago developed the additional implication of someone or something unpleasant or undesirable. The Book of Common Prayer Offices of 1549 includes the first known use of the unfavorable meaning in print, referring to "notorious synners."







Posted by: jojomataketa

chichi
\SHEE-shee\, adjective:
Affectedly trendy.

"Going in gangs to those chichi clubs at Maidenhead."


"Whether the chichi gender theorists like it or not, sexual duality is a law of nature among all highly evolved life forms."


"The sort of real delicious Italian country cooking that is a revelation after so much chichi Italian food dished up in London."


"Judith Hope -- who lives in East Hampton, where the Clintons have a lot of chichi friends -- has been getting ink by the barrelful with her regular interviews quoting conversations with the first lady, on subjects ranging from Senate ambitions to summer and post-White House living arrangements."


**From the French word that literally means "curl of false hair"; used figuratively in the phrases faire des chichis, "to have affected manners, to make a fuss"; and gens à chichis, "affected, snobbish people." Sometimes spelled "chi-chi."
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taw
\TO\, noun:
A large marble used for shooting in the game of marbles.

He is hiding or hoarding his Taws and Marbles.


A still greater favourite is shooting a 'taw', which requires no small dexterity.


**Of uncertain origin, but possibly from the letter T (in Greek tau) used as a mark. Names for other marbles: commoney, "a marble of a common sort"; ally or alley (a contraction of alabaster, of which it was originally made), a choice marble or taw; one of real marble or alabaster in contrast with those of terra cotta.
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vexillology
\vek-sil-AHL-uh-jee\, noun:
The study of flags.

This unknown specialist has demonstrated his great knowledge of heraldry and vexillology


One of the most interesting phases of vexillology...is the important contribution to our heritage of flags by the Arab World.


**From Latin vexillum, "flag" + (Greek) -logy (from logos, " word, discourse").
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Posted by: jojomataketa

bilk
• \BILK\ verb
1 : to block the free development of : frustrate
2 a : to cheat out of something valuable : defraud

b : to evade payment of or to
3 : to slip away from

Example sentence:
"I've been bilked of my food rights as a human member of this family!&